Unjustified Revenge in A Tale of Two Cities by Charles...

Charles Dickens focuses on the revenge that put the bloody French Revolution in motion in his suspenseful story A Tale of Two Cities. The French Revolution was a revolt instigated by the peasants, who attacked the nobles with vengeful hearts starting in the year 1789, and going on until the year 1799. The settings of the book took place in both London and England, two parallels in novel, two cities where the plotting of the Revolution went into affect. Although the reasons behind the different examples of revenge are exposed, the actions taken with revenge in mind are inexcusable and not justifiable. Dickens portrays the theme of revenge successfully through the joker Gaspard, the brave younger brother who sacrificed himself to protect his†¦show more content†¦The pure water that they had used for daily activities has been polluted, not only insulting Gaspard by leaving him hanging there, but insulting the peasants by tarnishing their water source. Even though Gaspard goes t o great lengths to get revenge that he did eventually get, he and the peasants still pay the price for it, because of the nobilities’ retaliation against him. Gaspard was a single individual in a sea of people who wanted to rebel against the nobles; therefore he wasn’t the only one willing to stand up to the upper class. The younger brother of the family that falls victim to the Evermondes wanted revenge against the brother who molested his sister. He tells Dr. Manette how the younger Evermonde is the â€Å"worst of a bad race.† (252). The brother feels that someone with such a terrible soul should not be able walk away from the situation unharmed. He wants to hurt the disgusting brother who raped his sister. The younger brother explains that the nobles â€Å"plunder us, outrage us, beat us, and kill us† (251). He says peasants have been abused for too long, without regret from their oppressors. The nobilities treat the peasants as if they are not human b eings, and he uses this as his reason for his revenge being justifiable. The younger brother refuses to die without at least cursing the nobilities, and if he could not get revenge because death was approaching, at leastShow MoreRelatedThe Heart of the Revolution Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesincredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair† (Dickens 3). The duality of the revolution is presented in the novel, A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, it shows the true nature of the French Revolution and its powerful impact over the citizens, as Lucie and her beloved husband, Charles Darnay, get torn apart by the uprising revolutionaries that only see with vengeance in their eyes. When Darnay travels to ParisRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages—San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury

Eating Disorders An Unhealthy World - 3124 Words

An Unhealthy World There is no question that our whole world today has been having problems with malnutrition and lack of physical activity. Unfortunately, it is extremely rare to go somewhere without seeing someone who suffers with obesity or some type of eating disorder. Authorities actually find it to be one of the economy’s biggest problems. According to a chart found on Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context, from the years 1976 to now, children all around the world continue to eat unhealthy diets with an obesity percentage of 17.5 in 2006, when the percentage used to be at a low 5.0, and the issue is only continuing to become worse. A lot of people eventually form some type of eating disorder according the article, Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health: Eating Disorders, â€Å"rates for anorexia nervosa were .3% in men and 0.9% in women; for bulimia nervosa, 0.5% in men and 1.5% in women; and for binge eating disorder, 2% in men and 3.5% in women,† while more than one-t hird of the United States, or more than 71 million people, are obese. As a society we have to realize that this is becoming a bigger issue than we think when thousands of people are dying each year and it is time to start being good role models for our future generation. Their elders and advertisements, that we seem to find so harmless when they really are, are influencing our upcoming generations. What can we do to help our society and future, and become a healthier world so we are not living unhealthier longer?Show MoreRelatedEssay on Self-Harm Due to the Media870 Words   |  4 PagesMedia surrounds everyone living in every part of the world. Whether media is seen in the form of television shows and commercials, magazines, movies, billboards, and newspapers, media is everywhere. You may not notice it, but you cannot go anywhere, or do anything, without coming across some sort of media. Although few media messages may be considered positive, the truth is the media is detrimental to teens in America today. These messages destroy teens’ body image which sadly leads to self harmRead MoreEating Disorders: Unhealthy Eating Habits1008 Words   |  5 Pagesare overweight and more than eight-million people suffer from eating disorders (Adriaanse, Ridder, Evers 1; Smith 9). Most people aren’t extremely fit. Everyone has some problem with food, to an extent. For most people the problems are under control, but this is not the case for everyone. Unhealthy relationships with food can have serious consequences. Unhealthy eating habits can contribute to these consequences. One common unhealthy mannerism that many people don’t realize they have is the tendencyRead MoreEating Disorders and the Media941 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, â€Å"the body type portrayed in advertising as the ideals is possessed naturally by only 5% of American females.† (â€Å"ANAD†) Body image has been a controversial theme because of the influence of the media. It is a widely known fact that eating disorder cases are on the rise. The concept of body image is a subjective matter. The common phrase, â€Å"Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder,† holds true meaning in this sense. One’sRead MoreSocial Media has Unhealthy Effect on Young Women647 Words   |  3 PagesAdolescents spend a typical day of about 7.5 hours or more on some sort of media. (Media, Body Image, and Eating Disorders1) Although men are affec ted by the downfall of media usage, young women bear the cross. Not only do women have to face the expectations of perfection, but also the discrimination from themselves and others. Media usage has become an everyday part of life; however, it has an unhealthy effect on young women. Media’s example of perfection has been drilled into the minds’ of youth. MoreRead MoreFat Tax, The Punishment Of Bad Eating Behavior900 Words   |  4 PagesFat Tax, The Punishment of Bad Eating Behavior Time to time, the humanity is unjust ruled and discriminated by the minority that has the power to dominate them. Overweight or obese people were either target of jokes and discrimination by the society and media or neglected by the government and the health system in the United States. Even more, corporations were filling their pockets with products that were developed with addictive ingredients to slave overweight people. The rumors that the AmericanRead MoreIdealized Body and Social Media964 Words   |  4 Pagescausing women to become dissatisfied with their looks, driving them to turn to unhealthy measures. The average teenage girl gets a significantly greater amount of media time each day compared to the amount of time they spend with their parents, this is usually around 180 minutes of media per ten minutes spent with their parents (Heubeck). With so much time spent on media influenced activities, and the constant exposure to unhealthy models, it is no surprise that women are being influenced. Most female fashionsRead MoreEating Disorders are a Mental Illness1431 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eating disorders are mental illnesses that involve an obsession with food, extremely unhealthy eating behaviors and a distorted body image. They are complicated, serious disorders. The group that eating disorders affects the most are typically girls through the ages of sixteen and twenty years old. Although teenage eating disorders are typically believed to be caused by depression or genetic factors, social media has worsened the problem by the huge increase in peer pressure girls endureRead MoreAnalysis Of The Omnivore s Dilemma Calls The American National Eating Disorder1301 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican food culture is not like other countries in the world; the diversity in foods and ethnicity creates its uniqueness. However, Americans mindset of â€Å"what should we have for dinner† and the poor decision making about food choices created the â€Å"omnivore’s dilemma† or what Pollan, in The Omnivore’s Dilemma calls the American national eating disorder. Pollan explored more about the food that Americans consume in â€Å"an investigation of food called the industrial food chain†(Pollan, Omnivore 110).Read MoreMedias Effect on Negative Body Image Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pagesoutlook on body image, rather than face a disorder that can change one’s whole life. Negative body image can result from the media, with photoshop and editing, celebrity fad diets, and society’s look at the perfect image. Negative body image can lead to dangerous eating disorders, such as bulimia and anorexia. It can also take a risk to unhealthy habits, such as smoking, alcohol, and drugs. It is important to stress the effects of body image, because the world still struggles with this today. SocietyRead MoreThe Biggest Loser : Are They Really?1586 Words   |  7 PagesFae Rose Kob ernik Mrs. Phillip English 3 H 6 January 2014 (but actually 17 December 2014) The Biggest Loser: Are They Really? In a world where â€Å"graphic t-shirts with the words â€Å"eat less† [are sold]† (Mulliniks) in popular stores marketed for teenagers, where â€Å"children as young as 5 years old have been treated in hospitals for anorexia† (Touhy), and where studies have found â€Å"that the fashion industry is a significant influence on a woman s identity† (Monitor s Editorial Board). It is clear that

Social Class Bracket Matters in Working Environment Free Samples

Question: How to Social Class Bracket Matters In Working Environment? Answer: Introducation: Social work refers to the profession concerned with helping individuals, families, special groups and community to enhance their personal well-being with an aim to help develop their skills and ability to use their resources and that city owned to solve problems (Rubin and Babbie 2016). Ideally working as a social worker exposes one to privileges where one gains skills as well as oppression and one should find the solution to the oppression bracket to enhance their working efficiency, not forgetting to enjoy the privileges and gain skills out of them for future professional requirements. Privileges Enjoyed Talking of privileges, being a Christian in many countries such as Canada is a privilege of its own. Christianity is a norm, and a cultural belief that is believed to exist and the Christian social workers can practice their faith without being criticized. Since the Christian faith is well-appreciated, one can use this privilege to help raise funds from the workplace and other firms confidently to support building a church (Padgett, 2016). A Christian enjoys a freedom of listening and watching Christianity based songs and programs in everywhere, from this allowed freedom one gains strength to talk about getting saved to an oppressed youth who is into immorality. Being straight that is heterosexual is an enough advantage for one to be selected to work with organizations that aim to fight homosexuality in a country against it. One might think that they are employed out of experience forgetting that the fact that they are straight was an added advantage (Hepworth, et al. 2016). Only those who are straight can gather up the confidence and talk against homosexuality setting their views about it openly and in a friendly way. Women all over the world have been considered vulnerable, and this has led to establishing policies that protect them from any form of mishandling and injustices. These systems have enabled women to have more opportunities than men. A female and male shortlisted for an interview, the woman, has more chances to win the position not because she is far much better than the man but just because she is a woman which is an added advantage (Brinkmann, 2014). A woman would never be posted to work under hostile environment without measures to support her but a man can without these measures because they are viewed to be strong and can face any challenge. Social class bracket matters in working environment, individuals from high and middle social class status are of important. It is because they are seen to have adequate and sufficient wealth to support themselves with when working. Similarly, they trusted to handle property and can generate cash out of wealth and not misuse the resources to raise their status (Healy, 2014). It's normal that everyone would like to be an association with people of a better class and status, therefore, being in a middle-class social status is a privilege that should be enjoyed and not left unnoticed. Working as a middle-aged person has different opportunities and advantages. The middle-aged worker is viewed d to be of much importance because of the experiences they had as youths as well as being able to work in the environment consisting of both youth and the aged. The age between 25 and 40 is related to hard work as well as maturity in that one could be trusted on a project and carry it out in conclusion successfully (Rothman and Mizrahi, 2014). We should accept the fact that being in the mature stage is a privilege and should be embraced. The right to belong to a country supported by your race is an enough reason to smile. Being black in a black country is not being racist but realizing the fact that one has the privilege of being a citizen and should exercise it. Most organizations prefer working with their residents as a way of being patriotic to its nation. Similarly working in a country with all the legal rights as a citizen becomes interesting and comfortable since no one would discriminate by denying you some rights and referring you as an immigrant. Working in a home country is an accompanied with benefits like medical covers, insurance and the right to walk and settle anywhere without being asked for legal documents every time. The ability to handle some work in some organizations doesnt necessarily come from knowledge taught in class but sometimes comes as a passion and urge originating from within. The fact that one is born with no disabilities guarantees the person more chances to work in different environments with no limited opportunities. Ability to and manage various positions and work under different conditions is a privilege to be celebrated. Strengths in Skills Since social work requires the skill of active listening, which means reflecting back to what the clients say and being part of the conversation so as to understand them. Helping a person after a keen conversation with him becomes easier as the solution lies in talk or generally could lead to the desired solution. Empathy Empathy is the ability of a social worker to identify with or experience another person's situation. Empathizing as both an intellectual and emotional process makes it easier to understand and help solve other problems. It's easier to empathize with the clients since one primary reason one venture in social work is the fact that they are empathetic in nature. Skills with weaknesses Persuasion. Whether it's to help change a client behavior, motivate a healthcare provider or justify coverage of insurance cover, it becomes difficult to influence, coax or invite the person to take your decision or advice. Relaxation and decompression. Social work can be incredibly stressful since one could also take personal time to work and forget to tend own needs. Oppressions alongside the privileges and the solutions. Racism. Being black and working in whites country and the vice versa brings much discrimination. Blacks view the whites as oppressors, and the whites view blacks as criminals and slaves. It becomes hard working under a different race of people, and most social workers tend to quit or refuse to work in some areas. Ending racism, there are well-stipulated policies developed to protect those oppressed; one has to join these forums to learn their rights. Gender inequality. A woman working under men environment often face discriminated and viewed inferior; this leads to non-cooperation between the two, and the woman lacks no audience and society to help. People need awareness on the importance of a lady and what a woman can do in society (Munson and Saulnier, 2014). A woman has to be ready to live with men so that they can fully accept the woman as one of them. Religious differences. Working as a Christian in a different religious denomination becomes a challenge due to the different beliefs and practices. Sometimes a worker is forced to behave and carry himself around in a similar religious culture as where they work from which some conflict with their religious belief. Age difference Being in the middle age becomes difficult to work with youths and the old, this is due to the difference in perspectives. Younger generation views things in a different way far away from the old. A social worker may face rejection when talking about issues the matter to the youth similarly the old may consider him so young to help them (Sue et al. 2014). To avoid this, the operator should adopt means to help both in a better way. Conclusion In conclusion, the nature of social work is a field where a lot of endurance should be taken. It ensures that with this comes a happy workplace. The differences in opinion with different people bring a lot more pain, but all should be in control of a success relation. References Rubin, A., Babbie, E. R. (2016).Empowerment Series: Research Methods for Social Work. Cengage Learning. Padgett, D. K. (2016).Qualitative methods in social work research(Vol. 36). Sage Publications. Hepworth, D. H., Rooney, R. H., Rooney, G. D., Strom-Gottfried, K. (2016).Empowerment Series: Direct Social Work Practice: Theory and Skills. Nelson Education Brinkmann, S. (2014). Interview. InEncyclopedia of Critical Psychology(pp. 1008-1010). Springer New York. Healy, K. (2014).Social work theories in context: Creating frameworks for practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Rothman, J., Mizrahi, T. (2014). Balancing micro and macro practice: A challenge for social work.Social Work, swt067. Ehrenreich, J. H. (2014).The altruistic imagination: A history of social work and social policy in the United States. Cornell University Press. Sue, D. W., Rasheed, M. N., Rasheed, J. M. (2015).Multicultural Social Work Practice: A Competency-Based Approach to Diversity and Social Justice. John Wiley Sons. Munson, C., Saulnier, C. F. (2014).Feminist theories and social work: Approaches and applications. Routledge. Parker, J., Bradley, G. (2014).Social work practice: Assessment, planning, intervention and review. Learning Matters.

Deemed Duitable for Common People †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Deemed Duitable for Common People. Answer: Introduction: As an engineer it has the say that the work of a professional to be undertaken in accordance to the ethics of personal gain and mutual benefit criteria. There is theft and hostility among these communities in the effort of catering for themselves. The displacement lead to many aboriginals lacking the essentials of life due to the evictions, as an engineer it is not ethical to deny another individual or the citizen with full rights to residence the capacity to occupy and purchase land. The hostility of the community is a result of the actions that took place in the past that they depended on. The Australian education system have incorporated a syllabus where the study of the Australian aboriginals. People are treated differently particularly during the period of colonization has been depicted where a description of their life has been conducted in a simple analysis and their way of life. The treatment that was accorded to them has been discussed which seems to be preserved in the digital media and the various tools of engineering in nature. The discrimination has persisted in the foreseeable future and this is being depicted in these local communities and thus making it cumbersome for education and equal rights to be exercised. The graduates in engineering are made to undertake the study in the curriculum that entails the ill treatment of the aboriginal people during the colonization of the continent of Australia. There is limited knowledge that is being dispersed among the many residents residing in Australia. The exclusion of the people to undertake some of the units in the college and university level increases the illiteracy level as well as the few engineers that are found in Australia. The deprivation of the rights to pursue engineering acts as the biggest impact upon the ethical practice of engineering. This would influence main communicating with the community members of the aboriginal, as an engineer I would face numerous factors that will oppose the type of work that I undertake because it is encompassed with the language barriers. The haltered communication is a result of the failed civilization that is detrimental. The community was undergoing treatment like savages of a kind and incapable of meeting their needs thus there was need for them to be assisted. This activity was done over a number of years where the Australian of white originality took away the children and taught them according to their own curriculum. The aspect of having proper understanding of the cultural differences is an important factor that is put into incorporation during the period which a person or an individual is working as an engineer in these areas. The capability to comprehend the cultural needs of the people under discussion as an engineer is detrimental and crucial in that the decisions that are made are good and results to proper arrival of a suitable conclusion. Samuel said the ethics of engineering are definite and elaborated in this context in that the works are deemed suitable for the common people (Samuel, 2016, p.567). Those living in the regions of Australia aboriginal inhabitants are the one who are involved and thus affected by the changes. Information technology is difficult to implement in such a case scenario where the deprivation of the right to learn the basis of computing and sharing of information by use of the suitable machineries is curtailed to put into the darkness the people residing in this locality. The engineering of various tasks entails the various groups whether it is communities, families or the lands deemed to be sacred. The needs of the people involved should take the first priority in ensuring that the proper implementation of the social justice and the ethical responsibility that is accorded to these people. The course is an extensive undertaking where learning is supposed to be conducted of the past and also be aware of the differences in culture that are inbuilt in the multicultural nations. Social interactions are necessary in the sense that the understanding and mutual benefit and consideration is undertaken by both parties involved. On this perspective anyone is supposed to work taking others into account to cope with the challenge of the cultural differences. There is the fact that learning from the past information and the previous undertaking is an important aspect of enhancing the errors are not repeated over and over again in the fore coming future. The field of engineering entails massive development and creativity that can only be cultivated by instating proper learning initiatives. The guilt of actions of the history should evaporate in order to pave way for new ideas that will promote coherent and mutual responsibility. David said the parts where social justice was not practiced accordingly should be a stepping stone to the important recognition of working cooperation towards the benefit of the parties involved (David, 2015, p.112). This field operation of the engineering course inspection of the suitable areas of research means that the involvement of various peoples with diversity in cultural background where the differences are sometimes small and others large according to the criteria given. As an engineer this would affect me because it entails uniting the people who are repellant and opposing each other in order to obtain the suitable results. This means that I would not work smoothly because of the variances and the difficulty of understanding the cultural differences. The aboriginals have difficulty even in understanding the connotations of their own language. The respectful nature while in the line of duty as an engineer in this location is difficulty as it poses the challenges of using the dream time that means the period that have already ended. Parker said the document that is being used shows out the point in terms that the person of aboriginal uses (Parker, 2013, p.345). This thereby implies that t he contradiction of their first own language is perceived to take place. The hostility of the people is experienced as an engineer this hostility is investable and the ethics consideration will be affected by the provocative nature of the illiterate group of people combined with a little skepticism about the races. The personal experience of the author entails the direct confrontation where the harassment is real. The experience is classified as negative in the case where the child was assaulted by random group of the kids from the aboriginal nature. The abuses are linked to the races which makes it difficult to deal with the kids around of the aboriginal nature. The verbal altercations are deemed the discouraging factor where there are rocks and racial abuse that are altered and directed to the researcher in the engineering. Conclusion The person is regarded to be brought up and grew in Australia has this challenge where the altercations are thrown without regard as to whom is around or being depicted in this circumstance. There are ethical considerations of the issues faced by the aboriginals where the aspect of the aboriginal households is raised and the sense of the community leads to the eviction practices. Festus said the role of an engineer requires much time and cooperation thus it will be affected (Festus, 2014, p.123). The Australian communities have got an established system of education where the majority of engineering programs are never accessible to people of low class referred to as the aboriginals. The further evictions are carried out in such a way that the focus was made regarding the people occupying the western part reject their own actions that they perpetrate. Works cited Festus, B. (2014). The role of an engineer requires much time and cooperation thus it will be affected: New York, Herman press. Parker, N. (2013). The document that is being used shows out the point in terms that the person of aboriginal uses: Hungary, Austria press. David, K. (2012). The parts where social justice was not practiced accordingly should be a stepping stone to the important recognition of working cooperation towards the benefit of the parties involved: New Zealand, Hungarian press. Samuel, P. (2016). The ethics of engineering are definite and elaborated in this context in that the works are deemed suitable for the common people: South Austria, Austria press.

A Good Man is Hard to Find

Introduction A Good Man is Hard to Find is one of the most successful works written by Flannery O’Connor. The short story was written in 1953 and published together with other works she had done earlier under the same title. This short story best epitomizes O’Connor’s work, her themes, and her style of writing. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how A Good Man is Hard to Find best brings out themes and styles that characterize O’Connor’s writings.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A Good Man is Hard to Find specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discussion A Good Man is Hard to Find portrays a disparity of violent action with hilarious and carefully created characters and a philosophy that underlines her staunch Roman Catholic faith. The short story is disturbing and entertaining at the same time- a feature that characterizes most of O’Connor’s writings, notably W ise Blood. The story begins on a naà ¯ve perspective, but instantly changes when O’Connor introduces a character known as Misfit, a convict who broke out of jail. Through Misfit, the author examines the Christian perception of grace- that true forgiveness from God can be received just by asking. The Grandmother, a main character in the story, is a petty, bad tempered, and imperious, but receives God’s grace before she dies. Despite her mainly negative traits, she treats Misfit as one of her own children. For O’Connor, God’s pardon is an energy not controlled by a person, something unmerited, or a moment of revelation. Styles Grace In A Good Man is Hard to Find, O’Connor explores the theme of grace through her two characters: Misfit and Grandmother. The most observable point on this theme in the story is when Misfit and the Grandmother both receive God’s grace despite their many faults, sins, and limitations. Christian theology teaches that God’s gifts are given even to the person least likely to receive them, forgiveness is among these gifts. Looking at the characters, none of them is worthy of God’s grace. Grandmother deceives her children, controls her son, and whines frequently about the inadequacy of the current and seems unaware of the world around her. She believes that she is superior and is the most appropriate person to judge others, for instance, she orders Misfit to pray yet she cannot even come up with an articulate prayer. Misfit, for his part, is a convicted murderer who escaped from prison. Despite the two characters’ flaws, God grants them forgiveness, signifying that even persons with similar traits as Misfit and Grandmother can receive God’s salvation. Religion O’Connor’s was raised in a Roman Catholic background and she has reflected this upbringing in most of her writings, frequently drawing a lot of debate due to her callous representation of religion. Alt hough her works are frequently violent in nature, they are based on her conviction and divinity.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, her characters frequently face violent of ruthless situations that force them into actions that awaken or change their faith, such as Grandmother in A Good Man is Hard to Find. For O’Connor, writing was a way of expressing her Christian faith on paper. We observe Misfit and Grandmother undergo a moment of grace and are their sins are pardoned; this is precisely what the roman catholic teaches, or Christianity in general. Epiphany Many of the writings by O’Connor contain scenes of epiphany, a moment when a character receives pardon, or God’s forgiveness. This style is evident in her writings such as Good Country People and A Good Man is Hard to Find. Throughout this story, O’Connor expresses how hard it can be fo r a non-Christian to change his/her ways. The moment of grace (epiphany) takes place when â€Å"The Grandmother’s head cleared for an instant† and she â€Å"saw Misfit’s face twisted close to her own as if he were going to cry† (O’Connor, pp. 374-375). She was moved with Misfit’s desire to be assured of actions that Jesus did and those he did not do, and realized that she was responsible for him. She tells her â€Å"Why you’re one of my babies. You’re one of my own children† (O’Connor, pp. 375). Grandmother demonstrates a moment of grace, despite her earlier acts of meanness, and receives God’s grace. Styles Symbolism Symbolism is a style that O’Connor uses in most of her stories. As a writer of fiction, combined with her Catholic background, she preferred to use symbols to express her faith and beliefs through her characters. A number of works such as Good Country People make use of symbolism. In A Good Man is Hard to Find, there are a number of symbols. The Misfit’s portrait of Jesus and Grandmother’s epiphany are representations of her religious beliefs. Grandmother has a hat that she frequently wears to show that she is a woman, however, this hat represents her distorted moral principles. While preparing for the journey with other family members, she wears her tie so that in case of an accident, it would be known that she was a woman. She is very indifferent to the fact that she will be dead by then and other persons, including her three grandchildren, would possibly be dead. Her only concern is her position as a woman, an absurd reason that exposes her meanness and distorted moral codes. Irony Irony is a common feature in Flannery O’Connor’s works, and A Good Man is Hard to Find is no exception. For example, Bailey’s mother pictures herself as an upright woman, but her actions prove otherwise. She dresses excessively, is deceitful, uses r acist terms, and resents America’s positive contribution to Europe after war. In fact, she foolishly utters that she knows Misfit. We only know her true picture when the story takes a disastrous turn. Eventually, she is killed by Misfit, whom she had claimed to know, even though she dies after redeeming herself by reaching out to her killer.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A Good Man is Hard to Find specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Violence O’Connor’s writings are frequently characterized by extreme use of violence and this has led critics to question her Christian background. Most instances of violent are normally carried out by narcissistic characters with depressing lives. A Good Man is Hard to Find portrays many scenes of extreme violence and these are committed by Misfit, the murderer who escaped from prison. Misfit shoots Grandmother as well as Bailey’s mother. However, the viol ence serves a role: it makes Grandmother and Bailey’s mother to realize how vile their mean behavior towards others was. Ultimately, we see both women changing their behavior before their deaths, moreover, Grandmother’s epiphany forms the climax of the story. Works Cited O’Connor, Flannery. A Good Man is Hard to Find and Other Stories. California: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977. This essay on A Good Man is Hard to Find was written and submitted by user Maximus G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Seen in the Classifieds

Seen in the Classifieds Seen in the Classifieds Seen in the Classifieds By Maeve Maddox Spelling counts, even in the classified section of a newspaper. Since people who place the ads cant depend upon someone at the paper to correct their spellings, its a good idea to be careful. Here are some spellings Ive noticed in classified ads: Dalmation pups for sale Bluehealer pups for sale Female lab spaded Duncan Fife for sale Vaccum cleaner for sale The big white dog with black spots is a Dalmatian. The name comes from the dogs presumed place of origin: the province of Dalmatia on the Adriatic Sea. Think Dalmatia and then add an n. I suppose a holy man who paints himself blue could be a blue healer, but the dog is a blue heeler. The dog was bred to herd cattle by snapping at their heels. The process of removing the ovaries of a female animal is called spaying. Such an animal has been spayed and can be called a spay. Sheriff Andys sidekick was Barney Fife, but the man who designed the furniture with the funny legs was Duncan Phyfe (1768-1854). The unusual pairing of us in vacuum should make the spelling easy to remember. The two us create a kind of vacuum in the word. Of course, even if you turn in correctly-spelled ad copy, theres always the possibility that the typesetter will make a mistake. Cant help you there. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"Homonyms, Homophones, Homographs and HeteronymsHow to Treat Names of Groups and Organizations

Assess the impact of Edward Snowden's revelations on the public image Essay

Assess the impact of Edward Snowden's revelations on the public image of GCHQ and the wider intelligence community - Essay Example ons have made efforts directed towards improving the level of their national security intelligence with an aim of ensuring that proper investigations, surveillance as well as supervision of security issues is undertaken to prevent terrorism attacks. In addition, some countries have resorted to the use of spy and other intelligence agencies that basically monitor groups that might have been suspected of terrorism activities. The issue of military strength between countries has also compelled governments and concerned stakeholders to undertake certain sensitive measures that would ensure that they monitor the military strength of rival countries and their level of security intelligence. These measures have included the use of spies and intelligence agencies that are usually sent to the rival countries to perform such missions. However, the major challenge that has been identified with regard to the use of spies emanates from the tension that occurs in the case that the rival country becomes aware of the spying activities within their military operations. In some cases, intelligence organizations have also undertaken roles geared towards ensuring that the level of security within internet is kept under proper surveillance by monitoring the activities that are performed in the internet by their respective populations. However, this has raised the question regarding the privacy of information of the populat ion owing to the fact that national intelligence organizations are usually provided with the authority to access any activity performed in the internet and other sources of media by a specific population. Many people have complained that by accessing personal information of the activities that are performed by individuals within the internet is a violation or a sense of intruding personal privacy. A case of revelations of an employee of an intelligence agency occurred when Edward Joseph Snowden revealed the activities the United States National Intelligence Agency

The impact of advertisement on female customers in Doha Research Paper

The impact of advertisement on female customers in Doha - Research Paper Example This "The impact of advertisement on female customers in Doha" essay outlines the effect of an ad on the society. According to Brooks (2008), recent trends in Doha’s advertisement content suggest that 70% of people seen in food advertisements belong to the female gender. These advertisement figures are usually of lean and slender body shapes. This creates perceptions that slender and lean figure represents the ideal body weight of women in modern societies. Relevant psychological studies indicated that portrayal of idealized thinness in the advert media falls contrary to actual average body weight of female consumers around Doha. In this case, women tends to develop negative moods and personal perceptions whenever their actual body weights fall short of the idealized body figures seen in advertisements. The worst part is that these adverts largely communicate messages on fast food. As a result, female population usually tries to emulate the celebrities in advertisement by consuming the advertised fast food products. In this context, social studies indicate that teenage girls in Doha are unhappy about their actual body weights. Brooks (2008) emphasize that they are striving to consume fast food in an effort to attain idealized body weights seen women within commercial adverts. Importance of this research comes in on the effect of fast food consumption among the teenage population. It is undeniable that fast food presents negative health results like obesity and high cholesterol level in the body. In this case, the research seeks to ascertain the role of advertisements in influencing current nutritional trends witnessed among the female population in Doha. In the essay, we acknowledged earlier that this research paper

Leadership Traits of Hilary Clinton Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Leadership Traits of Hilary Clinton - Assignment Example Clinton can be traced to preserve a number of valuable traits that led her to become a successful leader in different spheres. An enormous aptitude of resilience and adaptability towards performing different roles in various critical situations has been apparently observed to be one of the ways, which led her to become a renowned as well as a successful leader. On a further note, the consistent focus on maintaining a strong set of values and work ethics with possessing certain behavioral characteristics can also be duly considered as the other way of leading Mrs. Clinton to be an effective leader (Shambaugh, 2010). With regards to the fundamental principles and key elements, the leadership styles of Mrs. Clinton can be related to that of the functions performed by a successful manager. It can be affirmed from a broader understanding that certain facets or qualities of Mrs. Clinton ultimately led her to become a manager as well. In this regard, these facets or qualities can be measured in terms of possessing greater aptitude of resilience and most vitally be making effective decisions towards mitigating any sort of risks among others (Shambaugh, 2010). Despite the prevalence of strong values and ethical conducts, the leadership styles of Mrs. Clinton were also observed to focus on a set of masculine traits such as following more decisive and confrontational leadership principles. It is worth mentioning that during her tenure as the US Senator, the leadership principles of Mrs. Clinton had been viewed to include a well-defined set of values that significantly helped her to perform assigned roles and functions efficiently. Moreover, Mrs. Clinton effectively dealt with the challenges that faced by her while performing varied functions as a Senator (Shambaugh, 2010). Thus, it can be affirmed that the above-discussed leadership skills and competencies do Mrs. Clinton fulfill as a successful leader or a manager.

Data Protection Act Principles in Childcare

Data Protection Act Principles in Childcare UNIT 5 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES 5.1 DATA PROTECTION ACT 1998 Anyone who keeps records whether on computer or on paper must apply with this act. It should be clear to service user for what purpose the data are being kept. Information about a child should also be accessible to parents and shared with them. It is not compulsory just do on their demand. Information should not be kept for longer than necessary, though accident and incident records will be need to be kept in case they are needed for references at some time in future. Records must be stored securely. THE 4 DATA PROTECTION ACT PRINCIPALS AND HOW TO IMPLEMENT IT IN A CHILDCARE PROCESSED FAIRLY AND LAWFULLY It is very important that personal data should be processed fairly. In practice you must legitimate grounds for collection and using the personal data. You must not use the data in way that have unjustified adverse effects on the individual concerned. You must be transparent about how to use the data and privacy notices when they collecting their data. You make sure you do not do anything unlawful with the date. OBTAINED FOR SPECIFIED LAWFUL PURPOSES This data is clearly linked with first data protection. If you obtain personal data for an unlawful purpose then you will be in breach of both first and second data protection. For example to implement this data in you setting you must be clear from the outsets about why you are collecting personal data and what you intend to do with it. You must comply what act says about notifying given to the information commissnor. ADEQUATE, RELEVANT AND NOT EXCESSIVE The data protection does not define these words, clearly though they need to be considered. For examples a debt collection agency is engaged to find a particular debt. Its collects information several of people with similar name. During the inquiry some of these people are discounted. Company should delete most of the data, just keep minimum data. If you need to hold particular information about certain individual only you should collect it just for those individual. The information is likely to be excessive and irrelevant in relevant to other people. ACCURATE AND UP TO DATE The law recognise that it may not be practical to double check the accuracy of every item of personal data you receive. So the act make special provision about the accuracy that information that individual provides about themselves. When you go through this data protection you should take reasonably steps to ensure the accuracyof any personal you obtain, make sure that the any personal data is clear and carefully consider whether it is necessary to update the information. NOT KEPT ANY LONGER THEN NECESSARY personal data processed for any purposes or purpose shall not be kept for longerthen is necessary for that parpose. In your setting you will need to review the length of time you keep personal data and update archieve or securely delete information if it goes out of date. PROCESSED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DATA SUBJECT’S RIGHTS SECURELY KEPT. NOT TRANSFERRED TO ANY OTHER COUNTRY WITHOUT ADEQUATE PROTECTION IN SITU. A good evaluation of your chosen Data Protection Act principles. 5.2 ACCURATE LEGIBLE AND UP TO RECORD KEEPING INFORMATION WITH NON COMPLIANCES When you start a business as a child care that it is very important to keep accurate and complete records. Your business record should include; You should have keep record banking information You must need a proof of income You need to keep a proof of expenses that how much you spend on their food and stuff You need to be organised, keep your records up to date and then hold on to them for seven tax years. Good records are important for your business because; They can make filling in your tax returns easier and quicker They can make it quicker for your tax agent or accountant to do your book and save your money. They can give you the information you need to manage your business and help it grow, and make it easier to get a loan. Tax record is a legal requirement to running a business. LEGIBILITY Legibility mean all information should be correct, readable and clearly. So following steps could be helpful for legible record keeping; All written information should be neat clean and use in black ink because it is clearer to read and photocopies. It is more important that handwriting should be legible. If it is not readable someone can misunderstanding. If someone changes to documentation such as medication form, parents permission form, it must be signed and dated. White correction fluid should not be use over the mistake, just crossed with a line. UP TO DATE INFORMATION Make sure personal data always should be accurate if not, for examples if someone has removed from Chester to kings brook, a record showing that he currently lives in Chester is obviously inaccurate. But a record showing that he once lived in Chester remains accurate, even though he no longer lives there. You must always be clear about what a record is intended to show. Personal data always have to be up to date. This depends on what the information is used for like medication changing, food requirements. If the information is used for a purpose that relies on it remaining current, it should be kept up to date. There is often confusion about whether it is appropriate to keep records of things that happened which should not have happened. Individuals understandably don’t want their records to be tarnished by, for example, a penalty or other charge that was later cancelled or refunded. However, the organization may legitimately wish its records to accurately reflect what actually happened – in this example, that a charge was imposed, and later cancelled or refunded. Keeping a record of a mistake and its correction might also be in the individual’s interests. 5.3 BASIC INFORMATION OF RECORD Before child coming in nursery or school basic information must be filled in. Supervisor should be explained to parents that this information will be treated with confidentially and that will be stored safely. The record will be reviewed regularly and kept up to date with parents’s help. superviser collects all information from parents. DIFFERENT WAYS OF RECORDING When recording data on a computer it is very important to make sure that adequate reliable methods of backing up the data are employedso that if the computer malfunction or becomes damaged the files can be easly retrieved on another system. There are so many ways to keep record like – DIGITAL DATA, PAPER RECORD AND MANUAL RECORD. TYPES OF DIGITAL DATA Digital data exists on many devices today not just computer and server. Portable media such as USB thumb drives, CDs and DVDs as well as copier, printer and scanner hard and drives. DESKTOP COMPUTER HARD DRIVES –LAPTOP HARD DRIVES – ZIP DISKS – FLOPPY DISKS Most people are aware of the need to destroy hard drives found in desktop and laptop computers and other magnetic storage devices. COPIERS – PRINTER – SCANNERS – ALL IN ONE DEVICES Advanced office equipment, including, printers, copiers, and scanner as well as mobile devices, such as cell phones can be the source of unexpected digital data breaches. USB THUMB DRIVES – LAPTOP (SSHD) -Thumb drives and external hard drives use solid – state drives (SSD) to store and transfer data. These drives look like magnetic hard drives but require specialized processing to ensure complete digital data destruction. These digital data should be stored safely secured in small locked safes. It should be protect by the secret password. Children should not allow to use same computer or desktop which have a confidential files. PAPER RECORDING – the data protection apply equally to personal data held on ICT system and on paper files. The following guidelines should be followed with regards to be held on paper files. This should be operating of a policy whereby paper files containing such data are locked away when not required. Paper records and files should be handed to those personnel with business reason to access them. Personal and sensitive information held on paper must be kept hidden from caller to officers. Secure disposal of confidential waste should be in place and properly used. When paper files are transfer within In a department, usually should be hand delivery. in the paper record have a same information but defferent way to keep it safe then digital. All paper work, files, information about financial should be out of reach of children. It should be locked on high place in childcare setting but they must be sealed in water proof bag. 5.4 PRIMARY TYPES OF DATA STORAGES Primary storages is a storages location that holds memory for short periods of times while the computer RAM and CACHE are both examples of a primary storages device. The capacity of RAM in terms of data storages is less but it offers a very fast access rate, this making it very pretty expensive. Processor cache is the part of RAM and is using for speeding up the execution. So primary storage allows faster access, it is highly violating in nature that means it clears up during the booting. DATA STORAGES FOR DIGITAL Computer data storages often called storages or memory is technology consisting of computer components and reading media used to retain digital data. It is core function and fundamental component of computer. Internal and external hard drives, DVD-R, CD-R, USB flash drives, web based storages AKA the clouds are primary storages for digital. PAPER STORAGES mostly files and folders and piles on your desk, stapled, paper clipped, computer, pen, pencils and some even have a typewriter need for paper storages. Using paper record increase the risk of grammar errors, improper data entry and other record inaccuracies. Paper also requires physical storages with could be costly expenses for business. By jpvsku Evaluate for the best option Paper records are best option for the home childcare setting. For paper records it is advisable to have a file rooms, and avoid having every employee maintaining their own filling cabinet. Proper files maintenance in the office is an effective record keeping strategy. It is very important that when you are planning your physical record keeping system to think in terms of RECORD SERIES. As you examine yourself make sure that information you produced is a logical relatively independent from other records. Why it is important because for longer terms and storages you will find deferent types of records need different strategies. A Common mistake made in records maintances is to information goes in but no way to information comes out so it will become soon unmanageable size. There is something special about paper records that make them more REAL than the same record in digital formats but this is not correct because digital is a faster and a properly produced, stored and maintained digital is just as valid in the eyes of the law as any paper records. Proper records management requires you to know which copy is your ‘‘copy of record’’. Once a copy of record has been established, the other copy can be destroyed safely A common problem that faces many organizations is inconsistency in record keeping practices. This usually results from personal turnover which each new employee creates the systems. If this happening several times, the record keeping system may become a combination of many techniques and schemes. New employees should be trained in the current producer of the department. The best way to ensure that the consistency is through and adequate documentation. In this UNIT I did try explain about data protection act 1998, how to implement it into childcare setting, record keeping information, deferent ways of recording, primary types of data storages and evaluate of paper records. References www.dataprotection.ie www.en.wikipedia.org. www.ehow.com. www.computerhope.vom www.buzzle.com www.dartmouth.com www.ico.org.uk www.irdgovt,cznz

Macbeth :: essays research papers

How do the witches create an atmosphere of nightmare And evil in ‘Macbeth’? The play ‘Macbeth’ was written in the early seventeenth century, in a time when the English people believed very strongly in the existence of witches. A range of powers were certified to these evil beings, including the ability to see into the future, control the weather, fly and become invisible at will and communicate with the devil. The witches were believed to enjoy making human beings suffer, by causing livestock to get ill and die, for example. From the outset of this play, when three witches appear on stage, the contemporary audiences would have anticipated a plot that demonstrated just how evil such creatures could be. In Act 1 Scene 1 Shakespeare introduces the witches immediately and this sets the tone for the rest of the play, it sets a mood of evil and supernatural influences. In this scene the witches meet close to the battlefield, this associates them with destruction and death. The first impressions we get from this scene is that there is aggressive weather which reflects their tendencies and their presence causes chaos in nature, also darkness links the witches with evil, two thirds of the play is set in the darkness. An absence of light suggests an absence of God and he is associated with light and goodness. The witches speak in rhyming couplets â€Å"When shall we three meet again? In thunder, lightening or in rain?† Speaking in rhyming couplets gives the impression of chanting or a spell being cast. Their control over the weather is alluded to as they discuss what it should be like the next time they meet. The witches refer to the current battle as a ‘hurly-burly’. Bu t really this was a battle of horrific proportions that was to decide the fate of an entire country, resulting in many deaths. The witches’ description of this as a ‘hurly-burly’ suggests that they are dismissive of it, comparing it more to a childish scuffle in a playground. This shows how contemptuous they are to the affairs if man and their lack of concern at such human carnage and suffering. The witches know when the battle will be over suggesting that they may have some influence on this and reinforcing the idea that they can see into the future. They discuss their plan to meet with Macbeth, an intention that convinces the audience they mean to cause him harm.

Wendy’s Importance in the Shining

Wendy is portrayed differently in film and book. Now we are going to talk about the Wendy in film first. She is timid and passive, always submissive to her husband and stick to her role as a mother ; a wife. In fact, Kubrick once explained why he presented wendy so differently from the one in the book, he said Wendy is portrayed in this way so that the film audience would not â€Å"wonder why she puts up with Jack for so long. † * Her submissiveness to Jack can be revealed in the scene that Jack was typing his work while Wendy stepped in and tried to know if his work had been smooth or not.In response to what wendy said, Jack did not appear to welcome wendy’s coming. He even accused her of interrupting his work and started establishing a new rule with foul language used. The point is, regarding jack’s reaction, wendy just kept saying yeah and ok to show her agreement to his reaction. She even suggested making sandwiches for him. All these showed that she was a ve ry submissive and passive to her husband, and she would not voice her opinion easily in face of Jack. * Wendy kept sticking to her role as a wife and a mother.Scenes of her preparing breakfast for her husband and child can be seen from time to time in the movie. It is just like she was any other traditional women since these kinds of job had long been seen as daily routine of mothers and wives. Thus these scenes actually reinforced her image as a mother and a wife to audience. * Her costumes in the movie also demonstrated her motherly nature. Very often when she appears in the movie, she was wearing aprons and had her hair tied up, which implies she had been occupied with housework and house chores since that’s what women are like when they are doing that. However, wendy’s passiveness actually has played a role in contributing to the tragic end of the story. in fact, although jack’s indifference and irrepectful attitude to her had already showed his decreasing l ove, care and passion for her, all she did was just sticking to her role as a mother and wife continuously without doing other things to save her marriage. For example, apart from the scene about interrupting her husband’s work which I just mentioned, there is a scene that she prepared breakfast for her husband in the morning.It is just like her husband’s attitude to her would change if she kept sticking to her role as a good wife and a good mother since that may gain her husband’s appreciation some day. * Apart from this, her over-reliance to her husband all added fuel to the tragic end of the story. for example, when she was told by Danny that he had been hurt by the woman in room 237, her first reaction was to run to her husband and asked her husband what should they do next. Her over-reliance on Jack therefore made her become hysterical and frightened when Jack was out of his mind.Her actions were all out of an instinct to survive and protect her son. She he rself did not really know how to calm down and make decisions properly on her own. * Since she was very submissive to her husband and she dared not ask and read about the things that Jack did and wrote, she became ignorant of her families dangerous situation. it was not until she found that all the things jack had been typing these days were â€Å"all work and no play makes jack a dull boy† that she realized that jack had gone out of his mind. This ____ shot shows her desperation and fear clearly to the audience.And the over-the-shoulder shot which demonstrated jack’s point of view in seeing his wife’s back further signifies the danger approaching wendy, which had not been observed by her. * It is known that shots have a function of showing the audience character’s point of view as that particular moment, and these contrasting shots showing jack approaching wendy when he discovered what wendy found about him can not only demonstrate how they saw each othe r as that moment, jack’s insanity and wendy’s helplessness can also be shown clearly to the audience.It is because with their dominance in these shots, audience can see the characters’ facial expression as well as their body movements and gestures which showed their emotions and feelings clearly. * Now we are going to talk about the wendy in book. In fact, the wendy in book is not as submissive as the one in film. For example, she once wanted to get divorced with jack after jack hurt Danny. This means she was not submissive and passive to save herself and her son in face of her husband.She even voiced out her opinion and grievances to jack from time to time. For example, when they heard strange noises coming from outside of their room and jack wanted to go out and see by himself, wendy said â€Å"Don’t you dare leave us alone! † and suggested going to investigate what happened together. She also gave suggestions about how to get Danny out of the ho tel after he was hurt by the woman in 237. * Unlike the wendy in film,

Botfly Facts and Tips for Removal

Botfly Facts and Tips for Removal The botfly is a type of parasitic fly, best-known for disturbing images of its larval stage in skin and horror stories of infested people. The botfly is any fly from the family Oestridae. The flies are obligate internal mammalian parasites, which means they cant complete their life cycle unless the larvae have a suitable host. The only species of botfly that parasitizes humans is Dermatobia hominis. Like many species of botfly, Dermatobia grows within the skin. However, there are other species that grow within the hosts gut. Fast Facts: Botfly Common Name: Botfly or Bot FlyScientific Name: Family OestridaeAlso Known As: Warble flies, gadflies, heel fliesDistinguishing Features: Hairy fly with a metallic bot appearance. Infestation is characterized by an irritated bump, with a hole in the center for the larval breathing tube. Movement may sometimes be felt within the lump.Size: 12 to 19 mm (Dermatobia hominis)Diet: Larvae require mammalian flesh. Adults do not eat.Lifespan: 20 to 60 days after hatching (Dermatobia hominis)Habitat: The human bot fly lives primarily in Central and South America. Other botfly species are found worldwide.Conservation Status: Not evaluatedKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder: DipteraFamily: OestroidaeFun Fact: Botfly larvae are edible and are said to taste like milk. How to Recognize a Botfly With its hairy, striped body, you could say a botfly looks like a cross between a bumblebee and a house fly. Othersv liken a botfly to a living bot or miniature flying robot, because the reflective hairs give the fly a metallic appearance. The human botfly, Dermatobia, has yellow and black bands, but other species have different coloration. The human botfly is about 12-19 mm in length, with hair and spines on its body. The adult lacks biting mouthparts and does not feed. In some species, botfly eggs are easily identified. For example, equine botflies lay eggs that resemble tiny drops of yellow paint on the horses coat. The fly is best known for its larval stage or maggot. Larvae that infest skin grow under the surface, but leave a small opening through which the maggot breathes. The larvae irritate skin, producing a swelling or warble. Dermatobia larvae have spines, which worsen the irritation. Bot fly larvae cause a lump with an open center, through which the breathing tube may be visible. Petruss Where Do Botflies Live? The human botfly lives in Mexico, Central America, and South America. People who live in other areas generally get infected while traveling. Other species of botfly are found across the globe, primarily (but not exclusively) in warm tropical and subtropical regions. These species infest pets, livestock, and wild animals. The Botfly Life Cycle Cuterebra sp. botfly larva extracted from the neck of a dead rabbit. Katja Schulz The bot fly life cycle always involves a mammalian host. Adult flies mate and then the female deposits up to 300 eggs. She may lay eggs directly on the host, but some animals are wary of botflies, so the flies have evolved to use intermediate vectors, including mosquitoes, houseflies, and ticks. If an intermediate is used, the female grasps it, rotates it, and attaches her eggs (under the wings, for flies and mosquitoes). When the botfly or its vector lands on a warm-blooded host, the increased temperature stimulates the eggs to drop onto the skin and burrow into it. The eggs hatch into larvae, which extend a breathing tube up through the skin to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. The larvae (instars) grow and molt, finally dropping from the host into the soil to form pupae and molt into adult flies. Some species do not develop in skin, but are ingested and burrow into the hosts intestine. This happens in animals that lick themselves or rub their nose on body parts. After several months to a year, the larvae pass through the feces to complete its maturation process. In most cases, bot flies do not kill their host. However, sometimes the irritation caused by the larvae leads to skin ulceration, which can result in infection and death. How to Remove Botfly Larvae Botfly larvae Hypoderma diana under a deers skin. Avalon_Studio / Getty Images Infestation with larval flies is termed myiasis. While its a characteristic of the botfly life cycle, it actually occurs with other types of flies, too. There are several methods used to remove fly larvae. The preferred method is to apply a topical anesthetic, slightly enlarge the opening for the mouthparts, and use forceps to remove the larvae. Other methods include: Using a venom extractor syringe from a first aid kit to suck the larvae from the skin.Oral dosing with the antiparasitic avermectin, which leads to spontaneous emergence of the larvae.Flooding the opening with iodine, which causes the fly to poke out of the hole, facilitating its removal.Applying the sap of the matatorsalo tree (found in Costa Rica), which kills the larvae, but does not remove it.Sealing the breathing hole with petroleum jelly, white glue mixed with insecticide, or nail polish, which suffocates the larvae. The hole is enlarged and the carcass is removed with forceps or tweezers.Applying adhesive tape to the breathing hole, which sticks to the mouthparts and pulls out the larvae when the tape is removed.Forcefully squeezing the warble from the base to push the larvae through the opening. Killing the larvae before removal, squeezing them out, or pulling them out with tape is not recommended because rupturing the larvae body can cause anaphylactic shock, make removal of the entire body more difficult, and increase chance of infection. How to Avoid a Botfly Infestation The easiest way to avoid getting infested with botflies is to avoid where they live. Since that isnt always practical, the next best tactic is to apply insect repellent to deter flies, as well as mosquitoes, wasps, and ticks that can carry fly eggs. Wearing a hat and clothing with long sleeves and pants helps to minimize exposed skin. Sources Felt, E.P. (1918). Caribou Warble Grubs Edible. Journal of Economic Entomology. 11: 482.Human Bot Fly Myiasis (2010). U.S. Army Public Health Command (provisional), formerly U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine.Mullen, Gary; Durden, Lance, eds. (2009). Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Amsterdam, NL: Academic. ISBN 978-0-12-372500-4.Pape, Thomas (April 2001). Phylogeny of Oestridae (Insecta: Diptera). Systematic Entomology. 26 (2): 133–171. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00143.xPiper, Ross (2007). Human Botfly. Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 192–194. ISBN 0-313-33922-8.

PODCAST Build a Marketing Strategy For 9,360% Bigger Results

PODCAST Build a Marketing Strategy For 9,360% Bigger Results Are you getting more out of your marketing than you’re putting into it? Nathan Ellering is the head of demand generation at , and he wants you to be able to say that you’re getting the results you want from your marketing, your content, and your social media. Nathan is also the author of The Ultimate Guide to Marketing Strategy, so he’s a bit of an expert on the topic! We’re going to be talking to him today about how you can generate quality leads, get the traffic and traction that you want, and make your marketing strategy a success. What Nathan does at as the head of demand generation. The story behind the launch of the Ultimate Guide to Marketing Strategy: what it includes, why it was necessary to write it, how it’s different, and why you should check it out. Nathan also shares why he created it as a microsite as opposed to a blog. The importance of following the acronym SMART when you’re setting your goals. An explanation of what 10x content is and how Nathan makes it work for him. How Nathan recommends tracking marketing ROI to be sure that your content is doing what it’s supposed to do. How to prioritize within your marketing strategy. The concept of goals-driven budgeting. Nathan’s best advice for someone just starting a marketing strategy. Links: The Ultimate Guide to Marketing Strategy Google Analytics If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Nathan: â€Å"Marketers who document their strategy are 538 percent more likely to report success than those who don’t.† â€Å"The goals-driven budgeting methodology requires you to set your goals first, then plan your budget to make the goals a reality.† â€Å"As a marketer, your first blog post won’t be good and your first ad is probably going to suck, but you need to do it. You need to ship something and you need to continuously improve.†

Stagnation of Manufacturing Productivity in the United States Research Paper

Stagnation of Manufacturing Productivity in the United States - Research Paper Example Unites states is considered to be one among the top ranking nations when it comes to Manufacturing Productivity. (Dept of Commerce, 2004). The citizens involved in the manufacturing production activities are considered to be the backbone of the American Economy to achieve a huge growth rate. An overall economic development can be achieved by good manufacturing productivity. Manufacturing productions are the major aspect of inventing and deploying the various technological trends, providing jobs to the numerous citizens of all ranges, and the developers usually end up investing a huge amount of resources in the economy depending on the market trends in the manufacturing sector thus forming the essential part of economic development aspects.International trade can be always the major factor for the progress of the global economy, and to overcome the extreme competitiveness the armaments utilized are manufactured goods. But the new technology trends involved with globalization have mani folds expanded the scope of competitiveness by demanding a high rate of production to be the end result of minimized resources. The following have been quoted by (Kevin L. Kearns and Alan Tonelson, 2003) as the reasons for stagnation in the manufacturing economy.The manufactured goods had not brought the expected profits to the nation as there was a lack of opening in the market. This did not consume the required goods in the apt amounts of productions thus bringing in huge losses to the manufacturing economy.... Kearns and Alan Tonelson, 2003) as the reasons for stagnation in the manufacturing economy. Inefficiency in introducing foreign consumption markets. The manufactured goods had not brought the expected profits to the nation as there was a lack of opening in the market. This did not consume the required goods in the apt amounts of productions thus bringing in huge losses to the manufacturing economy. Inability to meet the requirements of the home market. The required materials where not produced at the right time to the home market. As the manufacturers were short of the basic resources to produce goods with innovation it affected the home market drastically. Difficulty in managing the imbalances arising due to international debts. As the manufacturing economy was in running in losses due to lack of proper production of goods in demand; the amount of debts increased. These debts created huge imbalances at the international level. Downturn in the employment base. As the manufacturing units ran into losses; the inefficiency of providing proper wages and retaining the workers increased manifolds. This on a large scale affected the overall employment base of the entire nation. Manufacturing crisis leading to a dependable maintenance of world- leading military. The necessity to be the universal power had always demanded for high-tech military armaments. The secure military base was built by gathering the diverse technologies from the long-term allies. The dependency to gather technology from various other nations has also become a major factor. Threat to the industrial base due to an extreme loss in tax revenues. As the domestic taxes increased the economy had some manufactures losing their production activities in the market. This indeed has brought a

Is the EU merger control regulation necessary Is it a good system Dissertation

Is the EU merger control regulation necessary Is it a good system - Dissertation Example The European Merger Control Law is designed to protect European consumers against unnecessary price increases or fluctuations as by-product of monopolies or companies gaining total control of the free market. Theorist opines that total control of the market of a single company can lead to economic dislocation if not contribute heavily to the economy’s collapse. The Merger Control Law prevents monopolistic prices to reign and ensures that the market is always at its equilibrium prices2 (Navarro, Font, Folguera, & Briones, 2002). Companies with vast financial resources use mergers and acquisitions as a strategy to control a substantial portion of the market instead of using the product’s merit to gain a good hold of the market. By buying off the competition and then killing that competitor’s product ensures total control of the primary product by the purchasing company. This would enable them to dictate the price of their product in the market by regulating its sup ply. Another strategy is to make use of the production or manufacturing facility of the purchased company to produce its product, thereby killing the presence of the competitor’s product in the market3 (Serdareviaa & Teply, 2010). However, not all mergers and acquisitions are intended for these purposes as some mergers and acquisition are conducted to ensure the survival of a product line as a viable alternative to the main line or flagship line of the company. These refer to products that are basically the same but cater to different market demography. Normally, in these instances, brand names are different but the products are basically the same only leveraged and marketed for a specific market segment4 (Hawk & Huser, 1996). The creation of the European Union saw the emergence of more laws and restrictions to regulate mergers and acquisitions of companies within the same industry covering the whole European market. Recognizing the potential and actual possibility of larger corporations merging or acquiring smaller companies from developing nations within the European Union, more stringent laws were enacted to regulate, control and govern merger and acquisition. Symmetrical laws from member nations already existing were aligned or harmonized with the European Union Law on Competition. The rules of procedure for the determination of whether the merger or concentration falls within the allowable parameters was laid down, including modes upon which to ventilate any opposition or dispute to the merger, suspension or annulment thereof. The purpose of the merger law is laudable but nonetheless it has been criticized as anti-establishment and counter-productive. Critics have postulated that the law impedes the natural progress or evolution of the free market as its protectionist nature favours smaller companies or shields those companies that are hard-pressed from competing against larger corporations from take-over whether hostile or friendly. If this line o f reasoning is followed however it is manifest that merger control is not necessarily advantageous as the options available for smaller companies to find other resources to enhance its market viability is similarly impeded or limited. There would be no other recourse

American society and its laws Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American society and its laws - Case Study Example That power can mean those with money and influence in high places who have access to those who formulate the laws and rules [governmental bodies] they see as being in their favor. Or, it can mean a group that does not necessarily have financial power, but power nonetheless in sufficient numbers to influence those who make laws and rules. This type of influence can be seen in lobby groups whose power may lie in their association with a powerful entity, or, the influence may lie with a group large enough to have a negative effect on, say, a politician’s reelection goals if the politician does not promote the law they see as beneficial to their cause. At times those in power seek to create laws and rules that benefit the less powerful, but the act of getting the law or rule passed is still a function of their power. In general, laws are made to maintain order within the culture as perceived at times by special interests and at times by the wider group. Both can be discriminatory and/or can attempt to alleviate discrimination, depending upon the law, who it affects, and whether or not it singles out certain groups and inhibits or restricts their life and behavior. Unfortunately, â€Å"Racism, sexism, heterosexism and class privilege...[when it comes to law and rule making] create a system of advantage and disadvantage that enhances the life chances of some while limiting the life chances of others† (Rothenberg 117). This system has been in place since the beginning and is typified by Thomas Jefferson’s advocacy of a white yeoman class of small farmers who, as property owners, had a vested interested in preserving law and a role in administering it at the expense of poor whites destined to remain the downtrodden labor force. (Rothenberg, from Buck, Contructing Race and Creating White Privilege 35) Alarmingly not much has changed since that time. According to Pharr, the U.S. continues to promote a

Daimlerchrysler Merger the Quest to Create “One Company” Essay Example for Free

Daimlerchrysler Merger the Quest to Create â€Å"One Company† Essay In order to understand and be critical on Daimler’s choice of partner, apart from the motives presented in the case, one also needs to consider the enterprise environment trends during the time. 90’s was a wave of mergers and acquisitions characterized by Cross-border ventures (Lipton M. , 2006). According to Lipton it was an era where size mattered and mergers were considered the one-way to internationalization and market expansion. Furthermore, nine of the ten largest deals in history all took place in the three-year period 1998-2000. Having established that, one can understand that Daimler was under market and investor pressure to go large. In such an environment, a European company would think of an integrative expansion to the vast US market as the best strategy (Japanese market too cultural different). So, from the choices of either founding a new subsidiary (high risk) or seeking for a JV, or an acquisition or a merger Daimler went for the merger. It was an effort to meet the environmental trend by increasing market share and to make a big impact to the larger competitors. Comparing the three great American car companies, GM was too large (in 1997 GM had $178b revenues compared to Daimler’s $71b) and difficult to control, Ford had investor issues (Ford family), but Chrysler, a similar size company, would seem the best partner. Chrysler was also ideal partner for Daimler because it had a good knowledge of the local market, which lowers the venture risk (Bartlett Beamish, 2011), and it would offer RD synergies and broaden the offered product range (Glavin W. F. , 2004). Considering all those factors I believe that Chrysler was the best choice of a partner. However, during those early stages of cross-cultural mergers and acquisitions there was little experience on making the venture work. In the appendix, I raise the main friction points and analyze how they should have been treated according to the literature. From this analysis we can see that the companies where different in all regards. In fact, seeing the range of daily activities and structure it is evident that the two companies operated in completely opposite. Thus, it was truly a â€Å"marriage of opposites†. But still this is not a strong argument for integration efforts failure. According to Bartlett Beamish persistence and willingness to evolve and adapt are the key to success in all collaborations. By looking through the friction points and what the literature suggests I tried to point who the person in charge of each process should in fact be. The company in Bold in appendix is the company that should lead the efforts in that process after the merger; due to its expertise which then would benefit the whole. It is evident that either Chrysler or both companies should manage the new company. In reality Chrysler tried to pass this through to Daimler but simply the management failed to penetrate the strong conservative culture of Daimler in the beginning and then it lacked the persistency. Then, Daimler took advantage of that weakness and it saw this merger not as a marriage of equals but as a takeover. So the greatest problem of the integration process was the combination of Chrysler’s inability to assert its processes and then Daimler’s failure to evolve, adapt and respect its ally. Question 2 In order to give advice I consider Bartlett’s Beamish’s framework on guidelines for a successful JV. First, there was a lack of proper pre-merger analysis which, had it been executed properly, would have raised early on the friction points. Secondly, there were no common objectives set and there was no plan on the course of action after the merger. The CIC and the PMI integration teams had no framework and dealt with issues as they arose, and thus were bound to fail. So, before embarking on a collaboration venture the CEOs should have thought of those steps. As we found, the inability to adapt and the cultural differences had been the main source of problems. Trust is the main fuel of collaboration and it can only be developed over time, being a result of shared experiences (Bartlett Beamish, 2011). In our case the two extremes merged one day and they were simply expected to run like clockwork. An alliance has similar benefits with a merger (Bartlett Beamish, 2011) but addresses the core problems better for the following reasons. A main benefit of an alliance is that when it is formed it has an exit clause, which allows the two companies to integrate more relaxed, and it offers a vehicle to learning and experimentation for the necessary bonds and trust to be formed. This lays the best conditions for a hybrid culture to form. Also, the companies’ operations that offer the greatest potential to synergies can be integrated, whereas the extreme opposite ones can be left to operate independently. This means that sectors such as RD can be jointed and Branding can operate independent. However, an alliance, alone, would not work for those companies as they wanted to go large. In my opinion, the best solution would be to form an alliance as a way to build on trust and learning and then as a second step, if both sides where mature, merge in common respect with clear objectives and structure.

Woman in the Nineteenth Century, by Margaret Fuller Essay -- Woman in

Woman in the Nineteenth Century, by Margaret Fuller In her essay, Woman in the Nineteenth Century, Margaret Fuller discusses the state of marriage in America during the 1800‘s. She is a victim of her own knowledge, and is literally considered ugly because of her wisdom. She feels that if certain stereotypes can be broken down, women can have the respect of men intellectually, physically, and emotionally. She explains why some of the inequalities exist in marriages around her. Fuller feels that once women are accepted as equals, men and women will be able achieve a true love not yet known to the people of the world. Fuller personifies what is wrong with the thoughts of people in nineteenth century society. She is a well-educated, attractive woman and yet, in America she is considered unmarriageable because of the unintended intimidation her knowledge brings forth. She can’t understand why men would not want to find a woman with whom they can carry on an intelligent, meaningful conversation and still be physically attracted to. She knows that once this inferiority complex is gotten past, women will start to excel in all different fields. My interpretation is that Fuller feels if women are educated and skilled then they will be able to take care of themselves until the right man comes along. Their discretion will be tenfold, and they will be able to wait for the proverbial "Mr. Right". Fuller gives three wonderful examples of how equality gets broken down in a marriage. The first is the "household partnership"(42), where the man goes off to work and makes a living to support the family, and the woman stays home barefoot and pregnant, takes care of the children and tends to the house. There is a mutual admiration between the husband and wife because they both keep up their end of the bargain. But there is no love built into this relationship. Couples like this are merely supplementing each other’s existence, he by working to support her, and her by cooking and cleaning for him. When she states "this relation is good, as far as it goes"(42), Fuller implies that women are settling for the sake of settling. In the nineteenth century there was a stigma attached to any woman in her twenties who was not yet married. Fuller questions why two people would settle for each other when there are so many people with different things to offer each other. I thi... ...rriage should be based on? Where is the love that they share for each other? Why can’t women have it both ways? Why can’t they find a man who they love and who will love and respect them back? It is questions such as these that light the fire inside Margaret Fuller. Fuller is not attacking men in this essay; it is directed at women as well. She is simply asking that everyone try to look at things differently. She wants people to understand that if women get more education and skills, men will benefit as well. Fuller’s passion and desire for equality is most clearly evidenced when she states, "What deep communion, what real intercourse is implied by the sharing the joys and cares of parentage, when any degree of equality is admitted between the parties" (42). Fuller’s point is that if all responsibilities are shared, men and women will get to have a deeper love and respect for one another. They will finally be able to find their true soul mates. They will be marrying each other for who they truly are, not because of convenience, looks, or for good conversation and friendship. They will be marrying a person they truly know, love and respect, and who loves and respects them back.

How my brother leon brought home a wife

â€Å"How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife† Leon and Bald waited for the arrival of Maria at the barrio. Maria was afraid that she will not be accepted by Loon's father because she may not able to adapt their way of living in the province. Bald was ignoring to his older brother's question about why did d they have to go to WAIS instead of Camino Real. The reason is that their father wanted to t est. Maria if she is worthy to be Loon's wife. Bald discussed their travel to his father. Appreciate Maria. Because she accepted and respected Leon for what he areaIll is. She didn't care what Loon's life back in Encumbrance. She was a supportive and a love inning wife to Leon. She was so endearing and kindhearted lady. She was very keen to meet Loon's family. The fact that the rural is different from the city can be somewhat disco raging but the closer hey get to the house, Maria still manages to overcome any trials. SSH e admits for having some fear, but she also shows clearly it d id not stop her. Believe that social status is not a hindrance if you truly love each other. How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife Baldo and his older brother Leon were both waiting for their visitor riding a carratela. When Baldo sa his older brother's wife, who is Maria, he was amazed by her beauty as he narrates their journey to their home in Nagrebcan. Maria was felt a bit anxious because of meeting Leon and Baldo's parents for the first time, but along their way home, she discovered the differences of the life of the people lived there and the life in the city where she met and fell in love with Leon. Leon and Baldo waited for the arrival of Maria at the barrio.Maria was afraid that she won't be accepted by Leon's father because she may not able to adapt their way of living in the province. Baldo was ignoring to his older brother's question about why did they have to go to Waig instead of Camino Real. (The reason is that their father wanted to test Maria if she is worthy to be Leon's wife.) Baldo discussed their travel to his father.Leon's entire family talked to Maria. his Father's voice became livelier th an before when he talked to her (which means he accepted her wholeheartedly.) We should respect and accept one's life.Social status is not a hindrance if you truly love each other. Meeting your special someone to your family is the right thing to do. One may have to sacrifice small part of his/her life in order to have a happy life.Leon/Noel – Maria's husband, older brother of BaldoMaria – Leon's wifeBaldo – Leon's younger brother, also the narrator of this story Mother and Father of Leon and BaldoAurelia – Leon and Baldo's younger sisterLabang – the carabaoWe should respect and accept one's life. Social status is not a hindrance if you truly love each other. Meeting your special someone to your family is the right thing to do. One may have to sacrifice small part of his/her life in order to have a happy life.

America Needs Its Nerds Essay

In the passage from â€Å"America Needs Its Nerds†, author Leonid Fridman dissect his argument by comparing and contrasting America’s on-going social beliefs and perceptions of the geek and the actual positive role taken on by the nerd and why the role that they play is so vital to our society. Friedman begins with, bringing to our attention, the type of terms our society uses to describe the â€Å"intellectually curious and academically serious. These types of derogatory terms aid in displaying Fridmans view point on the subject as he believes that the `use of these words to describe nerd and geeks are in fact an issue. Fridman uses diction that disgraces our society who casts out nerds because of their â€Å"intelligence and refusal to conform to societies anti-intellectual values. † Friedman applies the term ‘ostracized’ as a later follow up to the previous description of how it is common for the child who’d rather study or read books is looked down upon versus athletes who are falsely praised. In his essay, Friedman gives us insight on the negative connotation of the nerd and the failure to criticize the ones deserving of it. After this accumulation reaches a climax, Fridman establishes a turning point in his argument, utilizing one short and very straightforward sentence to display how exhausted he has become with the stereotype that the studious person is automatically given. Here, he begins to shift his tone from bitter and disgusted to motivational and inspiring. He even weaves patriotism into his argument, seemingly stating that the nerd population has become a national disaster zone in need of immediate attention from each individual citizen. Immediately following however, he turns and attacks our nation by giving a comparison between the US and Asia, claiming that they, our â€Å"rivals,† are doing a much better job of appreciating their own intelligence. As Fridman closes, he begins to place his argument into his reader’s hands by asking multiple and repetitive rhetorical questions. By over-generalizing America’s â€Å"typical† parent, he again motivates his reader to set himself apart from the cruel and stereotypical (most likely athletic) crowd and begin appreciating the â€Å"nerd† for himself. In this passage, Fridman makes a noteworthy effort to revolutionize an obviously shallow American standard. With a large dose of his own biased bitterness, and possibly a dash of his own â€Å"nerdy† revenge, he creates the solid argument that â€Å"America needs its nerds. â€Å"

How to Create a Dynamic Table of Contents

How to Create a Dynamic Table of Contents How to Create a Dynamic Table of Contents in Microsoft Word Whenever you write a longer paper, particularly a thesis or dissertation, you’ll need to include a table of contents. If you like doing things the slow way, you could type this out manually and painstakingly modify it every time you make a slight change to a subheading. However, there’s an easier way: Use Microsoft Word’s â€Å"Style† options to create a table of contents that can be updated at the click of a button! How to Modify Styles The â€Å"Styles† menu can be found on the â€Å"Home† tab in MS Word. To create a table of contents, the styles we need are labeled â€Å"Heading.† MS Word comes with a number of default â€Å"Heading† styles (e.g., â€Å"Heading 1,† â€Å"Heading 2†). To customize these â€Å"Heading† styles: Pick the â€Å"Heading† you want to change. Right-click and select â€Å"Modify.† In the new window that opens, pick the formatting options required. Click â€Å"OK.† Alternatively, you could apply formatting to one heading or subheading, select the formatted text, right-click the â€Å"Heading† style in the menu and select â€Å"Update to Match Selection.† This will change the style to match the highlighted text. Applying Your Headings To apply customized headings, go through each heading and subheading in your paper and click the required style. If you change the â€Å"Heading† style after this, all the headings that use this style will be updated automatically. It’s often a good idea to distinguish between different headings and subheadings. You can do this by using a different â€Å"Heading† style for each level. For example, each chapter heading could be formatted using â€Å"Heading 1† and an 18pt font, while subheadings could use â€Å"Heading 2† and a 16pt font. Creating Your Table of Contents Once you’ve formatted your headings and subheadings, it’s time to create a table of contents. On PC, follow these simple steps: Place the cursor where you want your table of contents to appear. Go to the â€Å"References† tab. Click on â€Å"Table of Contents.† Select â€Å"Automatic Table 1.† This will create an automatic table of contents (including a title saying â€Å"Contents†) using the first three â€Å"Heading† styles. If you want to customize your table of contents, click â€Å"Custom Table of Contents† instead. On Mac, the process is slightly different: Place the cursor where you want your table of contents to appear. Go to the â€Å"Document Elements† tab. Click on one of the options in the â€Å"Table of Contents† menu. Both Mac and PC versions of MS Word feature an â€Å"Update† or â€Å"Update Table† button next to the â€Å"Table of Contents† menu. This allows you to quickly update your table of contents (either the whole thing or just the page numbers) after making amendments to your document.

Nuclear Isomer Definition and Examples

Nuclear Isomer Definition and Examples Nuclear Isomer Definition Nuclear isomers are atoms with the same mass number and atomic number, but with different states of excitation in the atomic nucleus. The higher or more excited state is called a metastable state, while the stable, unexcited state is called the ground state. How They Work Most people are aware electrons can change energy levels and be found in excited states. An analogous process occurs in the atomic nucleus when protons or neutrons (the nucleons) become excited. The excited nucleon occupies a higher energy nuclear orbital. Most of the time, the excited nucleons return immediately to the ground state, but if the excited state has a half-life longer than 100 to 1000 times that of normal excited states, it is considered a metastable state. In other words, the half-life of an excited state is usually on the order of 10-12 seconds, while a metastable state has a half-life of 10-9 seconds or longer. Some sources define a metastable state as having a half-life greater than 5 x 10-9 seconds to avoid confusion with the half-life of gamma emission. While most metastable states decay quickly, some last for minutes, hours, years, or much longer. The reason metastable states form is because a larger nuclear spin change is needed in order for them to return to the ground state. High spin change makes the decays forbidden transitions and delays them. Decay half-life is also affected by how much decay energy is available. Most nuclear isomers return to the ground state via gamma decay. Sometimes gamma decay from a metastable state is named isomeric transition, but its essentially the same as normal short-lived gamma decay. In contrast, most excited atomic states (electrons) return to the ground state via fluorescence. Another way metastable isomers can decay is by internal conversion. In internal conversion, the energy that is released by the decay accelerates an inner electron, causing it to exit the atom with considerable energy and speed. Other decay modes exist for highly unstable nuclear isomers. Metastable and Ground State Notation The ground state is indicated using the symbol g (when any notation is used). The excited states are denoted using the symbols m, n, o, etc. The first metastable state is indicated by the letter m. If a specific isotope has multiple metastable states, the isomers are designated m1, m2, m3, etc. The designation is listed after the mass number (e.g., cobalt 58m or 58m27Co, hafnium-178m2 or 178m272Hf). The symbol sf may be added to indicate isomers capable of spontaneous fission. This symbol is used in the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart. Metastable State Examples Otto Hahn discovered the first nuclear isomer in 1921. This was Pa-234m, which decays in Pa-234. The longest-lived metastable state is that of 180m73 Ta. This metastable state of tantalum has not been seen to decay and appears to last at least 1015 years (longer than the age of the universe). Because the metastable state endures so long, the nuclear isomer is essentially stable. Tantalum-180m is found in nature at an abundance of about 1 per 8300 atoms. Its thought perhaps the nuclear isomer was made in supernovae. How They Are Made Metastable nuclear isomers occur via nuclear reactions and can be produced using nuclear fusion. They occur both naturally and artificially. Fission Isomers and Shape Isomers A specific type of nuclear isomer is the fission isomer or shape isomer. Fission isomers are indicated using either a postscript or superscript f instead of m (e.g., plutonium-240f or 240f94Pu). The term shape isomer refers to the shape of the atomic nucleus. While the atomic nucleus tends to be depicted as a sphere, some nuclei, such as those of most actinides, are prolate spheres (football-shaped). Because of quantum mechanical effects, de-excitation of excited states to the ground state is hindered, so the excited states tend to undergo spontaneous fission or else return to the ground state with a half-life of nanoseconds or microseconds. The protons and neutrons of a shape isomer may be even further from a spherical distribution than the nucleons on the ground state. Uses of Nuclear Isomers Nuclear isomers may be used as gamma sources for medical procedures, nuclear batteries, for research into gamma ray stimulated emission, and for gamma ray lasers.